Artificial Intelligence :Future for Biological cell engineering
Hirendra Nath Sarma
Editor-in-Chief
Email: hirendra.sarma@rgu.ac.in
Artificial Intelligence is one of the most sought after
frontier areas of modern science. John McCarthy (1927 - 2011)
was an American computer scientist who first coined the term
Artificial intelligence in the year 1955. Research continues at
various level for simulations of human brain systematic
thinking in electronic devices and its translation. A concept of
biology : “Intelligence” let be transform to electronic signals
and waves and translated to work by machines called machine
learning. It is an interdisciplinary science of electronics, physics,
chemistry, mathematics, engineering, computer science and
finally the biological sciences. There is every possibilities in
coming days, the machine learning and artificial intelligence
will replace existing machines and begin an new era of machine
with memory, judgment and execution. Two pioneers of
artificial intelligence — John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton
— won the Nobel Prize in physics for helping create the
building blocks of machine learning that is revolutionizing the
way we work and live but also creates new threats for humanity.
An artifitial neural network in electronics has been developed,
interconnected computer nodes simulating the neural network
in brain. Few remarkable quotes are mentioned here
on AI : 1. Hinton, who is known as the godfather of artificial
intelligence, Hopfield is an American working at Princeton.
Hopfield, whose 1982 work laid the groundwork for
Hinton’s,quoted by a member of Nobel Committee.
2. Hinton said “AI will end up having a “huge influence” on
civilization, bringing improvements in productivity and health
care. “It would be comparable with the Industrial Revolution,”
“We have no experience of what it’s like to have things smarter
than us. And it’s going to be wonderful in many respects,”
“But we also have to worry about a number of possible bad
consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting
out of control.”
3. One of the Nobel Committee members quoted : AI has
“enormous benefits, its rapid development has also raised
concerns about our future. Collectively, humans carry the
responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical
way for the greatest benefit of humankind.”
When intelligence is a word meaning related to the
biological memory on the neural system, its application in
machine could really be a challenging for the scientists. what
so ever or its level of implications begin with from a minor
phyla to higher organism. This concept of memory and
analyzing capacity of neuronal system has been translated
and incorporated in machine. It will be applied in robotics,
health cares system, diseases diagnosis, finance, automated
administrative task, defense, to improve public safety, detect
crime, and provide citizen services, banking services and many
others that will have deep societal implications. Successful use
of AI planning and perception approaches may be seen in
NASA’s space-based autonomous vehicles, which use
technology to steer and move on their own without human
intervention.
The animal cell could be the most complex organized
system of matter, that unable to synthesize in artificial
condition. While, AI will bring the answer of many complex
questions of biomedical diagnostic, treatement and surgical
procedures, the functions of biological cells,its life span, and
changed dunctions in different stages of organism’s life need
to be elucidated. It is yet to be find out how, organism’s brain
work, the neural network communicates for final delivery of
mind.
Does artificial Intelligence replace the human brain ?
Or it is not the objective of AI studies ? A network of systemaic
reasoning ants its output the technology of AI and its
applications. A work shall need to understand by reasoning
step by step and translated into electronic signaling wave and
its final output in terms of work performance. Time will come,
when AI will be part of daily life, begin with housekeeping to
the critical health care services.
Few questions arise : Does a biological cell including a neuron
can be synthesized in the laboratory. Does the AI chips or
any other new devices of AI can be implanted in biological
system for working out metabolic activities, neural functions?
Does AI will be a replacement of inborn error of metabolic
and neural disorder of Childens. War ravaged world is one
of the major threats and challenges to be faced by the
humanity in coming years. Whatever and wherever, it hold
out, how far the implications will be of small nuclear arms.
We are keeping our fingers crossed for the better days for
humanity.
Reference :
1. https://www.ap.org/news : Nobel Prize winners 2024
2. Xu Y., Liu X., Cao X., Huang C., Liu E., Qian S., Liu X.,
Wu Y., Dong F., Qiu C.W., et al. Artificial Intelligence: A
Powerful Paradigm for Scientific Research. Innovation.
2021; 2:100179.
3. Buchanan B.G. A (Very) Brief History of Artificial
Intelligence. AI Mag. 2005; 26:53.
4. Lawson C.E., Martí J.M., Radivojevic T., Jonnalagadda
S.V.R., Gentz R., Hillson N.J., Peisert S., Kim J., Simmons
B.A., Petzold C.J., et al. Machine Learning for Metabolic
Engineering: A Review. Metab. Eng. 2021; 63: 34-60.
5. Kim S.W., Kong J.H., Lee S.W., Lee S. Recent Advances of
Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing Industrial Sectors:
A Review. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 2022; 23: 111-129.